聚集型態 Collection Type

標籤

• array 陣列
• 加入函式
• dictionary 字典
• tuple 元組

array 陣列

• 一般陣列

  var array = [(值)]
  var array: [(型別)] = [(值)]
  var array: Array<(型別)> = [(值)]
  

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  print("\n\(array)")
  

  • 輸出結果

    a b c d
    ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
    

• range 範圍

  var array = (數字)...(數字)
  

  var array = 1...10
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
    

• stride 跨步

  var array = stride(from: (起始值), through: (結束值), by: (間隔值))
  var array = stride(from: (起始值), to: (結束值), by: (間隔值))
  // 附註：through（＞＝）， to（＞）
  

  var array = stride(from: 10, through: 0, by: -2) // >= 0
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  print("")
  var array2 = stride(from: 10, to: 0, by: -2) // > 0
  for i in array2 {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    10 8 6 4 2 0 
    10 8 6 4 2
    

• repeat 重複

  var array = [(型別)](repeating: (值), count: (數量))
  

  var data = [String](repeating: "a", count: 10)
  for i in data {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a a a a a a a a a a
    

加入函式

• count 計數

  let array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  print("\(array.count)")
  

  • 輸出結果

    4
    

• append 插入尾端

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  array.append("e")
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a b c d e
    

• insert 插入

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  array.insert("e", at: 2)
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a b e c d
    

    • 附註：位置是從0 開始計算

• remove 移除

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  array.remove(at: 1)
  for i in array {
      print("\(i)", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a c d
    

• removeLast 移除尾端

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  array.removeLast()
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a b c
    

• 更換

  var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  array[1...2] = ["e", "f"]
  for i in array {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a e f d
    

• sorted 排序

  let array = [100, 50, 70]
  let bigtosmall = array.sorted(by: >)
  for i in smalltobig {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  let smalltobig = array.sorted(by: <)
  for i in bigtosmall {
      print("\n\(i)", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    100 70 50 
    50
    70
    100
    

• isEmpty 空陣列

  let array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
  if array.isEmpty {
      print("nothing")
  }
  else {
      for i in array {
          print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
      }
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    a b c d
    

dictionary 字典

• 宣告字典

  var dictionary = [(key): (value)]
  var dictionary: [(型別): (型別)] = [(key): (value)]
  var dictionary: Dictionary<Int, String> = [(key): (value)]
  

  var array = [1: "John", 2: "Harry", 3: "Kevin", 4: "Alex"]
  for(i, j) in array {
      print("\(i): \(j)", terminator: "")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    2: Harry 3: Kevin 1: John 4: Alex
    

• 讀取

  var array: [Int: String] = [1: "John", 2: "Harry", 3: "Kevin", 4: "Alex"]
  print("\(array.count)")
  print("\(array[1])")
  for i in array.keys {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  for i in array.values {
      print("\(i) ", terminator: "")
  }
  for (i, j) in array {
      print("number: \(i), name: \(j)")
  }
  

  • 輸出結果

    4
    Optional("John")
    2 3 1 4 Harry Kevin John Alex 
    number: 2, name: Harry
    number: 3, name: Kevin
    number: 1, name: John
    number: 4, name: Alex
    

• 更換

  var array: [Int: String] = [1: "John", 2: "Harry", 3: "Kevin", 4: "Alex"]
      array[1] = "Bob"
  print("\(array[1])")
      array[1] = nil
  print("\(array[1])")
      array.updateValue("GOOD", forKey: 1)
  print("\(array[1])")
      array[5] = "Potter"
  print("\(array[5])")
      array.removeValue(forKey: 5)
  print("\(array[5])")
  

  • 輸出結果

    Optional("Bob")
    nil
    Optional("GOOD")
    Optional("Potter")
    nil
    

tuple 元組

var tuple = (key: value)

var phone = (id: "iphone", number: "6", os: "iOS", price: 800)
print("\(phone.id)")
print("\(phone.number)")
print("\(phone.price)")

• 輸出結果

  iphone
  6
  800